马铃薯镰刀菌干腐病研究进展及防控手段

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物。马铃薯干腐病是一种重要的马铃薯收获后真菌病害,在我国各马铃薯产区内广泛发生,导致马铃薯块茎的商品薯率大幅下降,对马铃薯的产量造成严重经济损失。本文针对马铃薯干腐病的症状、发生与危害、病原菌种类以及综合防控手段进行综述,以期为病害的研究及防治提供参考。     

谈松树病虫害的现状及防治

松树作为绿化的主要树木之一,保证其茁壮成长是节约环境保护成本,维持生态可持续发展的重要措施。因此如何做好松树病虫害的防治,保证其成活率成为亟待解决的问题。在梳理了松树病虫害产生原因的基础上,提出了松树病虫害的防治策略,以及针对松树易发生的病害、虫害的种类提出不同的防治方法。     

武汉主汛期小时降水变化

为了加强对武汉市主汛期降水气候和气候变化特征的了解,使用统计方法分析武汉市1955—2015年汛期小时降水数据。结果表明：武汉主汛期降水量443.5 mm,降水小时149 h,降水日数22.7天,降水强度19.5 mm/d;主汛期降水量05时最多28.9 mm,降水发生概率最大是04时13.1%,最小21时8.3%;主汛期内小时降水强度05时最大3.6 mm/h,16时最小1.9 mm/h;降水量、降水强度呈上升趋势,主汛期第3旬的降水强度增加趋势明显。城市防汛抗内涝应更多关注小时降水变化。     

人工神经网络在木材缺陷检测中的应用

采用射线作为检测手段，对木材进行无损检测。在无损检测信号处理和特征构造的基础上。运用特征参数建立了缺陷识别的数学模型，针对无损检测信号的特征，构造了人工神经网络。选用反向传播神经网络模型（BP网络），网络识别所需要的特征参数能够反映木材缺陷的全部特征。     

角毛壳菌降解粗纤维基因的筛选

以角毛壳菌菌丝体为材料,构建cDNA文库并进行了部分表达序列标签(ESTs)的分析。文库的滴度为1.02×106pfu/mL,重组率为95.3%,插入片段平均长度大于1.2kb。在cDNA文库中随机选择克隆从5′端测序得到1219个高质量ESTs,拼接为804条独立基因。其中460条(57.2%)与NCBI中非冗余蛋白质库(NR)已知基因有不同程度同源性的代表已知功能基因,344(42.8%)条独立基因与NR库中基因没有显著同源性的代表未知功能新基因。从已知基因中鉴定出了降解粗纤维的基因:β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因、β-葡萄糖苷酶基因、β-内切木聚糖酶基因、木糖苷酶基因、漆酶基因。     

加速数控机床开发全面实现家具现代化生产

分析了我国家具生产数控技术应用的现状及存在的问题,提出木工机械制造业应抓住机遇充分利用现有科技资源,开发适合我国家具生产的数控木工机床,尽快普及数控技术,实现家具生产的现代化.     

哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因SA76的3＇RACE扩增和序列分析

由EST获得全长cDNA对于结构基因组学和功能基因组学都是至关重要的,cDNA末端快速扩增技术RACE是该领域中的重要研究方法.利用BD SMART RACE技术扩增编码分泌天冬氨酸蛋白酶SA76基因的3＇末端,将其与哈茨木霉cDNA文库中的SA76基因的EST序列进行序列拼接,获得2019bp的全长cDNA序列,其开放读码框长1593bp,5＇非编码区266bp,3＇非编码区201bp,编码530个氨基酸,有信号肽.哈茨木霉天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因与玉蜀黍赤霉、粗糙脉孢菌、球毛壳菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因的同源性分别为53%, 37%, 36%.利用BD SMART RACE技术首次从哈茨木霉中克隆天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因,为验证SA76基因的功能奠定基础,为进一步研究蛋白酶的作用机制及生物防治功能提供依据.     

Development, manufacture and application of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension

The optimal formula of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension was screened out through the experiment,preparation and manufacture of basic formulas, which has no sedimentation, suspended drops of oil, peels and agglomerating and the diameter of capsule is in range of 10-30μm, conformed to the technical requirement. The aftereffect of the 3.3% Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension which was manufactured according to the optimal formula was up more than 25 days. The experiments on controlling the larvae of Dendrolinmus superans Butler and the adults of Xylotrechus rusticus L were carried out with different concentrations of this chemical. The death rate reached 80% when 250 times solution of the chemical was sprayed on stem to control the larvae of D. superans. For control of the adults of X. rusticus, 200, 400 and 600 times solution of the chemical were applied and their control effects (death rate) reached 85.23%, 74.21% and 66.59% respectively. Two kinds of solution (200 times and 300 times) of the chemical were used to control the larvae of D. superans in large area, and the control effect for both concentrations was over 90%.     

Seed germination ofThuja orientalis under PEG osmose treatment

Abstrct Thuja orientalis seeds was treated by different molecular weight, different concentration and different lasting time in the Seedling Laboratory of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows:(1) it shows significant promoting effects on the germination viability of seeds by different molecular weight of PEG(-6000, -10000 and -20000), and PEG-10000 is the best. (2)Different effects on germination viability, germination rate and simple vigor index are made by different concentration of the same weight molecular(PEG-10000), the promoting effects are shown when the concentration is below 30%, and from 20% to 30% is the best range, but inhibitions will be shown if the concentration is more than 35%. (3)The most suitable lasting time of osmose treatment of PEG-10000 with 20% concentration is from 2 to 4 days, not more than 6 days, but it will show significant inhibition if the treated time is more than 8 days. (4)The treatments of PEG-10000 and PEG-20000 with higher molecular weight can increase the germination rate and seed vigor, and decrease the electric conductivity of the seed soaking liquid after the natural air-dry treatment. The suitable time of natural air-dry is about 6 to 8 hours. It is also concluded that the PEG osmose treatment is an effective method to increase the germination rate by the field simulation in the laboratroy.     

Fungicide and cultivar effects on the development and temporal progress of wheat blast under field conditions

The epidemiology of wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Pyricularia oryzae, is poorly understood, making it very difficult to manage. We reported on the individual and combined effect of host resistance and fungicide application for managing wheat blast disease on spikes. Two field experiments (Exp. 1 and Exp. 2) were conducted in a region of Brazil where blast is not known to be endemic to evaluate its development as influenced by fungicide and host resistance. Plots of wheat cultivars BR-18 (partially resistant) and Guamirim (susceptible) were either treated with the fungicide epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin or left non-treated, and then inoculated with a spore suspension of P. oryzae at mid-anthesis. Spike blast incidence and severity, quantified at regular intervals after inoculation, increased over time, and fungicide and cultivar had statistically significant effects (P < 0.005) on both measures of disease and their temporal rates of progress. Relative to Guamirim-non-treated, BR-18-non-treated (resistance alone) led to 44 and 64% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, in Exp. 1, and 3 and 49% control, respectively, in Exp. 2. Guamirim-treated (fungicide alone) led to 65% control of incidence and 77% control of severity in Exp. 1, and 64% control of incidence and 95% control of severity in Exp. 2. For both incidence and severity, fungicide and resistance alone also reduced the temporal rate of progress relative to the susceptible non-treated. However, the greatest overall efficacy was observed when resistance and fungicide were combined, with over 70 and 90% control of final incidence and severity, respectively, and over 75% reduction in the temporal rate of spike blast progress. Based on percent control, the integrated effect of resistance and fungicide was additive for incidence, severity, and their temporal rates of progress, demonstrating the value of combining the two strategies to manage spike blast.